When one typically hears of Martin Luther they think of the great Reformer who brought the Church out of the corrupt clutches of the Medieval Catholic Church and led her into the modern era, promoting several doctrines. Luther is best know for promoting the theological conviction that salvation is by grace through faith alone. Although this is one of the “main stage” theological convictions of Luther, there are other less known “side stage” beliefs and convictions that have been largely ignored in recent years. Recently, I have been doing some research and study on Luther’s view of Supersessionism (the conviction that the Church has replaced Israel and is now the new “spiritual Israel” and that the Jewish people are now without a covenant and cursed because they have rejected the Messiah). Luther was not alone in this view (there is widespread unanimity on this theology conviction in Christendom from the early Church Fathers up to and beyond the time of Luther until WWII), however when you combine Luther Suppersessionism, and at times blatant Anti-Semitic writings, with his positive view on Autocratic government and mix it with the potency of his massive influence, it is apparent that it helped to create the fertile ground in Germany that eventually gave birth to Nazism.
I am not saying that Luther was a Nazi or that he would have supported Hitler, in fact I would assume otherwise, but his writings definitely influenced the Third Reich. In fact, Luther’s infamous tract: “On The Jews and Their Lies,” was quoted often by the Nazis and the original copy of this tract was proudly displayed at Nurenberg during Nazi party rallies.
My research has focused on the influences of the Church Fathers, who were largely Supersessionists, upon Luther and then Luther’s influence upon Christendom and eventually the Holocaust. I am also looking at the current typical Evangelical position which has grown after World War II that views God’s covenant as still binding with Israel. Interestingly, the common Evangelical expression God will bless those who bless the Jews and curse those who curse the Jews would have been unthinkable before the Holocaust in Christianity.
I am not making any theological claims but simply stating how culture, world events and societal beliefs have drastic and profound effects on our theology and conversely, how our theology can have profound, even horrendous, affects on society.
Luther is a fascinating man whose influence and affects are still felt today, some 500 years after his life.